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New research measures amount of free-base nicotine in "the modern cigarette, a highly engineered nicotine delivery device".

1996 Pulitzer prize-winning reporting on how the tobacco industry uses ammonia to engineer cigarettes for addiction.

Articles about research studies funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Now-famous segment on nicotine manipulation in cigarettes.

Includes presentation summaries of papers presented at the conference held in 2001 at the (US) National Institutes of Health. Topics include nicotine delivery systems, pharmacology, individual and environmental risk factors, the psychobiology of addition, and treatment of nicotine dependence.

Independent research confirms that ammonia added to ciarettes can boost the availability of nicotine up to 100 times.

Concise summary from the American Cancer Society of tobacco use, cigarettes, trends in smoking, profiling smokers, costs of tobacco, nicotine addiction, secondhand smoke, spit tobacco, and industrial hazards.

Maintained by the CDC's Office on Smoking and Health. Covers tobacco-related issues, statistics, news, research, data, reports, quitting tips, educational materials, publications, . Also sections dedicated to youth.

Medical facts on the physiology of nicotine addiction, and the effect tobacco products have on the brain, lungs, and other vital organs, and a treatment options section.

This site is dedicated to convincing people to live a healthy lifestyle, to improve their quality of life, and avoid (or reduce the severity of) chronic disease.

NIH short summary of nicotine effects.

Site explains why "low tar", "light" and "mild" cigarettes are just as harmful as regular cigarettes.

University of Texas medical center factsheets on effects of smoking and tobacco, and tips and support for quitting. One-third of M. D. Anderson patients have tobacco-related cancers.

Concise factsheet.

American Lung Association info sheets on smoking, nicotine, and related topics: does smoking help people relax? What quitting methods work?

Recent research shows that cigarette products cause addiction much faster than was previously believed, in just a few doses.

Includes report produced by the Royal College of Physicians. "Nicotine addiction is one of the major reasons why people continue to smoke cigarettes, and cigarettes are in reality extremely effective and closely controlled nicotine delivery devices".

Complete online book by the Royal College of Physicians; covers physical. pharmacological, and psychological effects; addiction; the smoker's career; regulation of intake; treatment; regulatory approaches; recommendations.

ASH-UK factsheet on nicotine, its properties, difficulty in quitting, measures of dependence, withdrawal systems, genetic influence, and tobacco industry recognition of the its importance.

Science Week article focuses on 3 decades of tobacco industry efforts to engineer cigarettes for addiction.

Information on kids and smoking, facts about smoking and addiction.

1994 news article. Kessler report on how the tobacco industry controls and manipulates nicotine in its product.

"Tobacco smoking is the single most important cause of ill health and premature death in Australia." Not just quitting information -- health questions answered; effects of cigarettes; quit evaluation studies; information in languages other than English; smokefree workplaces and dining.

Can cigarettes be made less addictive? Scientific paper examines the question.

Report covers the scientific evidence on active smoking, passive smoking, nicotine addiction, price and marketing of cigarettes and other tobacco products, cessation, key conclusions.